Typha latifolia has developed many ways to succeed in the wetland habitat. The terminal, cylindrical, inflorescence is arranged in two sections, the uppermost part the. Typha latifolia tall marsh plant with cylindrical seed heads that explode when mature shedding large quantities of down. They are brown and clearly evident to the unaided eye in mid to lateseason fresh or dried t. Typha angustifolia emerges earlier in the spring and grows more rapidly and taller than t. The female flower is the brown velvet, sausageshaped thing that we usually recognize a cattail by. Typha latifolia reedmace, broadleaf cattail, bullrush. Download includes an excel spreadsheet of the attributes, and a pdf explaining the background and nomenclature. However, it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes. Typhaceae cattail family medicinal use of reedmace. Typha latifolia, often called common bulrush or broadleaf cattail, is a perennial herbaceous plant in the genus typha.
Varieties subspecies cultivar common synonyms massula latifolia l. This page was last edited on 17 august 2016, at 15. Typha latifolia has been found in a variety of climates, including tropical, subtropical, southern and northern temperate, humid coastal, and dry continental. Itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available, and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties. It is found as a native plant species in north and south america, europe, eurasia, and africa. The male flower lies directly above the female flower on the same stem. Typha spp has potential to be used for bioremediation of polluted waste water. Typha latifolia are very densely packed with tiny flowers, male flowers in top cluster and female flowers in bottom cluster uof, 2005. They are soft and spongy with many air spaces to allow for more nutrients from the soil. This allows for the plant to rise above other wetland plants for more sunlight.
Typha latifolia synonyms, typha latifolia antonyms. Hybridization has been noted in europe, but studied more recently in north america where there is still some question about the extent of t. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. Pronunciation of typha latifolia with 3 audio pronunciations, 8 synonyms, 1 meaning, 1 translation and more for typha latifolia. They hybridize readily into typha x glauca and many of the plants with characteristics of broadleaf cattail have been found to have a large percent of genetic material matching narrowleaf cattail. Typha latifolia generally occurs in shallower water than typha angustifolia. The rhizomes develop shoots that eventually grow into new plants. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any.
In canada, broadleaf cattail occurs in all provinces and also in the yukon and northwest. The common cattail has large underwater underground rhizomes that allow for quick and dense proliferation. Typha seeds germinate readily and are a costeffective means to propagate cattail on moist soils. Foliage leaves are linear, erect, light green to greyish in color, thick, swordshaped, and flat with a sheath near the base. It is a marginal aquatic perennial that spreads by creeping rhizomes to form dense colonies in shallow water. Typha latifolia is a unisexual plant, yet it typically uses sexual reproduction.
Typha latifolia definition of typha latifolia by the free. Pdf role of macrophyte typha latifolia in a constructed. The common cattail is a large marsh plant that measures approximately 90270 cm. These plants have a variety of common names, in british english as bulrush or reedmace, in american english as reed, cattail, or punks, in australia as cumbungi or bulrush, in canada as bulrush or cattail, and in new zealand as raupo. The spike is green when fresh, becoming brown as it matures. Tracheophyta magnoliopsida typhaceae typha typha latifolia. Leaves 1216 per vegetative stem, pale green, nearly flat, 820 mm wide, sheath open to base, the scarious upper margins tapering or rarely truncate.
Typha latifolia lady bird johnson wildflower center. Broadleaf cattail hybridizes with both other north american cattail species, narrowleaved cattail t. The leaves are usually twisted, which can then catch water and. Information from its description page there is shown below. Typha latifolia occurs in coastal and valley marshes at elevations lower than 2,000 m.
Typha latifolia definition of typha latifolia by the. Appearance typha latifolia is a perennial aquatic herb that can reach up to 6. Photosynthesis and photorespiration in typha latifolia. This unique plant is best characterized by its large, cynidrical, brown spike of female flowers from which it gets its name.
Photosynthetic rates of typha latifolia, the broadleaved cattail, are the equivalent of rates reported in tropical grasses and other plants which assimilate carbon by the phosphopyruvate carboxylase reaction, but photosynthesis in t. Typha latifolia bullseg, bulseg, suitipillie, bulwand is a perennial yerbaceous plant in the genus typha. This plant can be weedy or invasive according to the authoritative sources noted below. Its lateral rhizomes, produced at the leaf base, can grow up to 27. Narrowleaf cattail is an erect, rhizomatous perennial that grows 3 to 6 feet 12 m tall 15. Typha latifolia online atlas of the british and irish flora. Bare rootstock or seedlings are preferred revegetation methods where there is moving water. L48 n, ak n, hi i, can a stoutstemmed perennial, 48 ft. Typha latifolia broadleaf cattail, bulrush, common bulrush, common cattail, catoninetails, great reedmace, coopers reed, cumbungi is a perennial herbaceous plant in the genus typha. Niche differentiation between two rhizomatous plant species. Glycolate oxidase, the photorespiratory enzyme, is present in high concentration. Pdf preliminary characterization of typha latifolia and t. It is the common cattail found throughout the state of missouri.
The scientific name of broadleaf cattail is typha latifolia l. This stalk is light green to green, glabrous, stiff, and round in crosssection terete. Note that the pdf version is the booklet as published, whereas the excel spreadsheet incorporates subsequent corrections. Typha latifolia and thelypteris palustris behavior in a. Atlas of north european vascular plants north of the tropic of cancer. Plants profile for typha latifolia broadleaf cattail. The pollen is astringent, diuretic, emmenagogue, haemostatic, refrigerant, sedative, suppurative and vulnerary. While every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and uptodate information available, ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in. A pdf copy of all cited articles is available on the accompanying compact disk.
The cattail typha latifolia was used by the children of the arikara tribe and most probably. The pollen is astringent, diuretic, emmenagogue, haemostatic. The male flower is spiky and yellow and it falls off after it sheds its pollen. The geographic range of typha angustifolia overlaps with the very similar species typha latifolia broadleaf or common cattail. If the file has been modified from its original state, some details such as the timestamp may not fully reflect those of the original file. Typha latifolia has 623 mm wide leaves that are flat, sheathing, and pale grayishgreen in color. A taxonomic species within the family typhaceae the common cattail. The species is monoecious individual flowers are either male or female, but both sexes can be found on the same plant and is pollinated by wind. Please follow the usage guidelines provided with each image. Staminate and pistillate spikes contiguous or occasionally separated by an interval up to 2.
Manual of vascular plants of northeastern united states and adjacent canada. Broadleaf cattail, common cattail typhaceae cattail family synonyms. Use and information, as well as other details about the photo such as the date and the location. Typha latifolia, called common cattail, is native to marshes, swamps and wetlands in north america, europe and asia. They are often a nuisance but also perform an important function in keeping a lake healthy by filtering the runoffs. This file is licensed under the creative commons attribution 2. Typha latifolia broadleaf cattail wildflowers of the. All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the creative commons cc0 license. Typha latifolia synonyms, typha latifolia pronunciation, typha latifolia translation, english dictionary definition of typha latifolia. Typha angustifolia general botanical characteristics. Typha latifolia, broadleaved cattail, is distinguished from t. Narrowleaf and hybrid cattails form dense, singlespecies stands, while the broadleaf cattail colonies are less dense. The wetland system was used in batch mode operation. Features narrow, upright, swordlike, linear, mostly.
Typha latifolia cattail family typhaceae description. This perennial plant is about 49 tall and unbranched, consisting of 6 or more leaves and a flowering stalk. Common cattail is a marsh plant and so grows best in extremely moist environments including freshwater marshes, ditches, and shorelines. Typha latifolia cattails are among the most common of all aquatic plants. Updated for itis by the flora of north america expertise network, in connection with an update for usda plants 20072010 reference for. Leaves are straight in the bottom half but twisted and spiral in the top uof, 1998. The spikelike, terminal, cylindric inflorescence has staminate flowers above and pistillate flowers below with a naked axis between the staminate and pistillate flowers. Typha angustifolia and typha latifolia, and the assessment of the diversity of the content of nutrients and metals exam ined, depending on the plant species. The roots are very shallow and are attached to rhizomes. Metal concentrations which are fourteen times higher than italian legal limits, were however too low to induce macroscopic morphological modifications in. Lady bird johnson wildflower center focused on protecting and preserving north americas native plants through native plant lists and image galleries, conservation, education, natural landscapes, seed collection millennium seed bank msb project, preserving and restoring native communities, spreading awareness on invasive species and gardening to attract wildlife. Typha latifolia common cattail, typha domingensis southern cattail selected other species further reading edit typha on wikipedia. Management article pdf available in natural areas journal 53 january 1985 with 1,732 reads how we measure reads.
Select from img where ready1 and taxon typha latifolia order by taxon click on the thumbnail to see an enlargement. Both narrowleaf and hybrid cattails are superior competitors to broadleaf cattail, with the ability to dominate not only healthy wetlands, but also ditches and urban stormwater basins. Typha latifolia form dense monocultures when there is a wetland disturbance. Three leaves of long cattail were plaited together in such fashion as to form a. Thus, three gravelbased constructed wetlands were made, i.
The record derives from wcsp data supplied on 20120326 which reports it as an accepted name record 271005 with original publication details. Pdf effects of water depth on typha latifolia and typha domingensis. Range dynamics and invasive tendencies in typha latifolia and typha angustifolia in eastern north america derived from herbarium and pollen records. Macro and traceelements accumulation in typha angustifolia l. Typhaceae of north america update, database version 2010 acquired. This file contains additional information such as exif metadata which may have been added by the digital camera, scanner, or software program used to create or digitize it. Rhizomes are a thick horizontal stem that the roots grow out of. Potential for rapid clonal growth and long persistence of t. The leaves have been mixed with oil and used as a poultice on sores. Typha latifolia common cattail, typha domingensis southern cattail selected other species further reading. A variety of organizations and individuals have contributed photographs to calphotos. The pale grayishgreen basal leaves are thick, flat and 1 in 3 cm wide growing upright as tall as the flowering stalk. Glycolate oxidase function is not closely coupled to stomatal operation in t.
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